Literature Review on Social Corporate Responsibility

Literature Review: Corporate Social Responsibility According to Douglas and Emily (2011), business environment has changed significantly recently. To survive in this dynamic business environment, businesses have been forced to adapt various strategies, among them being the integration of corporate social responsibility (CSR) into their business models. Bendell (2005) argues that, there is no single definite definition of what CSR is, as various organizations define this concept in different ways. However, most of these definitions are closely related in the sense that they relate CSR with how organizations manage their business process to create a general positive impact on the society. Thus, CSR is universally defined as the ongoing dedication by organizations to act in an ethical manner as well as to contribute to economic development, at the same time enhancing the quality of life of their employees, their families, and the local community and society entirely. From this definition, it is evident that CSR is all about how organiza tions relate to the external and internal environment, in the course of pursuing its business motives. Blowfield (2005) argues that, due to its recent popularity, CSR has attracted research interests lately. Particularly, there is wide literature on CSR in relation to sustainability, profitability, and ethical issues. In relation to profitability, different scholars have given varying views on how CSR affects profitability. For instance, Berkhout (2005), argues that CSR is a crucial element in enhancing profitability, especially in current dynamic business environment. Lately, most companies have embraced CSR in their business model because it is perceived that it is an impetus of increasing profits. According to Bendell (2005), CSR contribute to increasing profits through various ways. For instance, by embracing CSR, an organization earns respect in the marketplace, which is likely to attract higher sales. Specifically, it is easy for an organizations engaging in CSR activities to earn customer loyalty in the market. Campbell (2007) asserts that, through embracing the spirit of CSR, consumers tends to believe that a company has is concerned with their needs, and is ready to modify its business motives to cater for these needs. Consequently, consumers will always identify with the company, consumi ng their products and services from time to time; hence contributing to the company’s profitability. In yet another study, Blowfield (2005) observed that in consumer industries, CSR is linked with better corporate financial performance; however, this is not the case when it comes to industrial industries. In addition to enhancing profitability through improving the image or brand of a company, profits are also enhanced to an organization’s ability to attract qualified personnel through its CSR activities. It has been observed that firms that engage in CSR activities, especially on issues affecting their workforce, have a better chance of attracting more qualified personnel. As Robbins (2011) argued, qualified personnel increase the overall effectiveness and efficiency in a firm’s performance entirely, and this translates to high profitability. Robbins (2011) argues that, CSR also promotes profitability, through its linkage with sustainability. For instance, through focusing on CSR, especially those that are intended to promote sustainability objectives, a firm is likely to reduce costs in addition to enhancing efficiencies. For public companies, CSR creates an opportunity of these companies being included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes, or FTSE4Good list. In turn, this is likely to promote the stock price of the companies, making the stock options more profitable for the shareholders. Despite the above arguments on the effectiveness of CSR in enhancing a firm’s profitability, other scholars have given different opinion regarding the issue of how CSR is related to profitability. Perhaps, the economists are the leading grouping with differing opinions. Their argument is based on the core function of a firm, in relation to its shareholders. For instance, Milton Friedman was of the opinion that CSR is a socially desirable undertaking (Hernandez-Murillo and Martinek, 2009). According to Friedman, the major social responsibility of business is profit maximization, which is achieved through undertaking business in an open and free competition without deception or fraud. He further argued that, the executive of the corporate are act as the agents of the owners, and spending resources of firms on CSR activities amounts to spending other people’s resources. Nevertheless, Friedman asserted that firms can be engage in CSR at the same time fulfilling its profit maximization function in different ways. For instance, a firm can either undertake investment projects in the community that are likely to better the quality of potential employees, or contributing to altruistic organizations to benefit from reduction of tax (Hernandez-Murillo and Martinek, 2009). According to Friedman, such actions, in addition to serving the self-interest of the firms, also play a vital role in generating corporate goodwill, which gives a company a competitive advantage over its competitors, in turn presenting an opportunity for the company to further generate economic profits. Various other economists, such as Jose de Jesus Salazar, and Bryan Husted, have given a similar opinion, arguing that there are higher potential benefits to both the society and the firm, if CSR is undertaken strategically; specifically, when the CSR activities of a firm are aligned with the interests of the firm (Hernandez-Murillo and Martinek, 2009). In addition to the studies on the relationship between CSR and profitability, the existing literature also comprise of issues related to CSR and sustainability. Sustainability has various definitions, depending on the perspective of whoever is defining it. However, all definitions tend to be closely related, and they have the following elements: equitable resource and opportunity distribution, understanding the interconnection between the environment, economy, and the society; and living within the limits (Blowfield 2005). Various business scholars have put forth various arguments in explaining the relationship between sustainability and CSR. According to Berkhout (2005), CSR plays a vital role in promoting sustainability. Through embracing the principles of CSR, a firm is conscious on how it utilizes its resources, at the same time reducing negative impacts to not only to the environment, but also the economy and the society as a whole. It is imperative to note that various companies have taken different approaches to sustainability in their CSR models. However, the most common approach is incorporating the principles of CSR and environmental sustainability in their business models. In this case, the companies take into consideration the environmental and social repercussions of their business activities. A vital component in the social responsibility is the ability of communities to decide or influence those decisions that directly or indirectly influence them. Therefore, communities should be able to influence decisions pertaining to the tradeoffs that have effects on them, for instance, between the environmental conservation and economic development and most importantly meeting the requirements of the current generations, and the ability to meet their needs. Local communities have the responsibility to determine the particular elements to sustain, what to expense and how to expense them. Not only because these decisions directly impact on them but because they have crucial roles to play in the processes that aim at enhancing responsibility (Berkhout, 2005). Corporate responsibility depends on the individuals working in the particular companies perceiving and functioning towards the â€Å"business case†. For certain behaviors to pursue social change in the various directions that are demanded by the particular communities where they reside, this case depend on the communities being vigilant and sustaining a major context that propels companies to answer to the community demands. The various implications for social responsibility that may arise in the process may be set in the conclusion. It is important to take note of how the companies are demanded to the local communities and particularly in what circumstances (Blowfield 2005). What is to be considered in responding to the demand of communities to expound; where and when communities considering all the complexities can put leverage on companies so that the corporate respond more to the desires of the people who are directly affected by the actions of those very corporate (Berenb eim 2006). Social responsibility and business ethics are concepts that go hand in hand for all companies that transact business. Business ethics are those moral standards a company applies to make sure that the employees act within the rules and principles of the company while doing the business functions. The marriage of the two are used by large organizations and companies to promote corporate governance, this in turn creates the framework of procedures, policies and the guidelines for the individual stakeholders, that is, those who are employed and even those who have invested in the company (Bendixen Abratt, 2007). Outside stakeholders can also benefit from this governance. Due to the fact that most companies that command huge portions of the economic resources receive scrutiny pertaining to the business ethics, it is important for them to provide some benefit to the locals, and try to win their hearts, and consequently improve the living standards of the people, making sure that they do n o pollute or introduce any pollutant into the environment. However, at times, governments and individuals demand too much from the companies (Berenbeim 2006). It is imperative to think that as much as the companies should not misuse the natural resources, they cannot pay for every single need and wants of the communities, this goes contrary to the ethics and may even result to the companies not producing as much as they are needed to produce. Business ethics is an enabler of social responsibility. Through it, the society or governments are able to decide whether the companies will be able to give back to the communities that they are exploiting. Given the ability to utilize these ethics, it is possible to create a social responsibility, which can transform the leadership, culture and the business ventures so that there are goods for the society (Bendixen Abratt, 2007). From the above review of the existing literature, it is evident that embracing CSR would have significant impacts on Yazoo Milkshakes. To begin with, Yazoo Milkshake is likely to improve, in terms of profitability, in the market as compared to products of companies, which have not incorporated CSR in their business model. In addition, CSR is likely to enhance sustainability in Yazoo Milkshake products, further promoting the brand of the same in the market. Besides, CSR would enhance implementation of ethical policies within the company and in relation with its environment, both internal and external. Reference List Bendell, J., 2005., In whose Name? The Accountability of Corporate Social Responsibility. Development in Practice, Vol. 15, No.4, 362-374 Bendixen, M., Abratt, R., 2007., Corporate identity, ethics and reputation in supplier-buyer relationships. Journal of Business Ethics, 76, 69–82 Berenbeim, R. E., 2006., Business ethics and corporate social responsibility: Defining an organization’s ethics brand. Vital Speeches of the Day, 72, 501–503 Berkhout, T., 2005., Corporate gains: Corporate social responsibility can be the strategic engine for long-term corporate profits and responsible social development. Alternatives Journal, 31(1), 15–18. Blowfield, M., 2005., Corporate social responsibility: Reinventing the mean ­ing of development. International Affairs, 81, 515–524 Campbell, J. L., 2007., Why would corporations behave in socially respon ­sible ways? An Institutional Theory Of Corporate Social Responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32, 946–967. Douglas, R. and Emily, S.T., 2011., The Purpose Agenda, Business Strategy Review Vol. 22 Issue 3. Hernandez-Murillo, R. and Martinek, C.J., 2009., Corporate Social Responsibility can be profitable. The Regional Economist. Retrieved from http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/regional/09/04/socialresponsibility.pdf Robbins, R., 2011., Does Corporate Social Responsibility Increase Profits. Retrieved from http://www.environmentalleader.com/2011/05/26/does-corporate-social-responsibility-increase-profits/

Should Prostitution Be Legalized - 1868 Words

To make a living in this country, individuals take up jobs that provides a service that society deems a necessary need, whether that profession be a doctor, teacher, engineer, labor worker, or prostitute. All of these jobs exist in the United States; however, all of them except prostitution is legal and are equipped with rights and rules (Nussbaum 669). The only law that exists concerning prostitution is the one that outlaws it. Its legislation is due to the nasty stigma people have towards it since it is believed to be against our common set of morals. However, the reality is that this job will not disappear with the constant flow of clients that demand this service. Thus, prostitution should be legalized so that the government can regulate the profession, which would allow the fabrication of laws to protect prostitutes and create a safe atmosphere for them to practice their profession. In turn, such a change in governing has the potential to finally eliminate the idea that it is de grading the modern-day world. By definition, a prostitute is male or female who use their bodies to perform sexual acts in exchange for compensation, usually in the form of monetary currency. It is often considered one of the oldest profession since the beginning of time. Currently in the United States, there are thousands of women who are practicing this profession as a source of income, despite it being illegal in almost all 50 states. According to Jared R. Rayborn, a graduate of WillametteShow MoreRelatedShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1406 Words   |  6 PagesProstitution is one of the largest controversial issue facing the United States. The definition of prostitution, according to Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, is the act or practice of engaging in sexual relations especially for the money. Prostitution has been constantly bashed by the media and is currently legal in only one state. In this state, only one county has banned prostitution. Why is it illegal? What is wrong with prostitution that has made it illegal? These are the important questions thatRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1048 Words   |  5 PagesWalker May,15,2015 Should prostitution be legalized? Most of us have heard of prostitution and the controversial opinions of people whether it should be legalized or not. The fact is that prostitution has been practiced for many years regardless of its legality. As defined in the dictionary prostitution is the exchange of sex for money. Out of the 50 states in the U.S., Nevada is the only states were prostitution is legal. On the other hand, in some European countries prostitution is not illegal andRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1111 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution has been around for a very long time. There has been great debates over the last few decades about prostitution law reform. It is accepted by some, denied by others, or just forbidden. Prostitution is that one thing that people do and does not get brought up for discussion after the fact. It is what some people call dirty and distasteful. But prostitution whether legalized or not will continue to happen. I will argue that prostitution should be legalized becaus e it would bring more benefitRead MoreShould Prostitution be Legalized?1658 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution is an issue that has been debated in many countries. 22 countries have legalized prostitution. In the United States, prostitution is only legal in 11 rural counties in Nevada. It used to be legal in Rhode Island due to a loophole, but since 2009, it has been illegal. Women are not the only ones who are prostitutes, about 20 to 30% of prostitutes are male, which means both genders are affected by laws against prostitution. Men and women should be allowed to choose how they want to useRead MoreProstitution Should Be Legalized?1072 Words   |  5 PagesProstitution in America Some consider prostitution to be evil, sin incarnated. They believe that the act of fornication with an unknown and unloved person is unholy and should be punishable. They may believe that those who are prostitutes are not human, but instead creatures that have given into their most primal lust. To give into the carnal temptation of sex, and to resolve it through means that are not considered normal, sentences one to eternal damnation. Or so some believe, and I respect theirRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1663 Words   |  7 PagesDecriminalizing prostitution in the United States will be a hazard to the nation. Prostitution has been often called one of the oldest jobs in the world. However, it has been illegal in nearly all societies throughout history. Currently, there have been various countries where prostitution has been legalized by the government, allowing people over eighteen year olds to work as prostitutes legally. Nonetheless, those countries have had several neg ative effects following the legalization of prostitution. NeverthelessRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1725 Words   |  7 PagesProstitution Should Be Legalized Some say prostitution is the world s oldest profession. Yet, only a small percentage of the world’s government allows it. The legalization of prostitution is a very controversial topic due to many people’s moral beliefs. Prostitutes all over the world are treated as outcasts. A reason for people to be against prostitution could be due to their religious beliefs, moral standpoints, or lack of knowledge over the subject. Many religions state that sex outside of marriageRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1188 Words   |  5 PagesShould Prostitution be legalized? Prostitution is defined as the engaging in, or agreeing to engage in, sexual conduct for a fee. Women are pushed into entering prostitution for many reasons including lack of education, poverty, and personal choice. Prostitution is currently illegal, but there is much controversy surrounding this issue. Picture in your mind this scenario: Jane is a 26 year old single woman who makes her living working the streets as a prostitute. She is clean, and is tested regularlyRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1411 Words   |  6 PagesShould prostitution be Legalized? Whether or not prostitution should be legalized is, for some, a morally plagued question. The value society puts on sex can directly affect whether or not legalization will be considered. Even within Europe there is a drift. While France has banned prostitution it is legal in Germany, and has been since 2002. Is France morally outstanding, or is there something more to prostitution then what generally thought? The legalization of prostitution will affect many otherRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Legalized?1537 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Petretto English 111 15 Nov. 2016 Should Prostitution be Legalized? Prostitution has been and may always be one of the most controversial topics in the United States. While there are some who argue that prostitution should be legalized, others do not agree with this theory. Some advocates argue that prostitution is a victimless crime and that it should be a decision that one chooses on his or her own. They also believe that the legalization of prostitution will minimize crime, increase tax revenue

Essay on The True Appearance and Purpose of Angels

Bunn 1 â€Å"Out of the temple came the seven angels with the seven plagues. They were dressed in clean, shining linen and wore golden sashes around their chests,† Revelation 15:6 (Buursma, Manikas-Foster). In Paradise Lost, a notorious angel, Lucifer, is said to transform into a toad and whisper into Eve`s ear (Jance). The world and the Bible have contrasting perspectives on what angels look like or what is an angel`s purpose. Angels are seen as mystical creatures with halos and beautiful wings, yet, also seen as beings that glorify God endlessly. So, what does an angel really look like? Do angels even exist? Are they made up creatures in movies? The world`s perspective and the Bible`s perspective on angels do not wholly match;†¦show more content†¦Angels are eluded to 103 times in the Old Testament and 93 times in the New Testament. These angels, described as spiritual beings created by God, serve Him. Still, angels are created higher than man. Angels are separated into two major categories, good angels and bad/fallen angels. The good angels continue to obey God and follow His will. The fallen angels disobey God. In fact, fallen angels oppose everything God stands for. For this reason, the fallen angels no longer reside in their holy positions. Furthermore, the fallen angels work against the plan and will of God. Three other familiar terms referring to angels are seraphim, cherubim, and ministering spirits. Both the Hebrew and Greek word for angel means â€Å"messenger†, describing one who completes the purpose and will of the one whom they serve. Thus, the good angels follow God, and the fallen angels serve Satan. One angel, unlike any other, is the â€Å"angel of the Lord.† â€Å"The angel of the Lord†, identified as God, speaks as God and states to utilize the entitlements of God. According to the Christian belief, unlike one worldly perspective, angels are not the spirits of deceased human beings. Instead, they are cre ated beings made for a purpose (Keathley). â€Å"For He commanded and they were created,† Psalm 148: 1-5. Angels were created to fulfill the will of the Lord. In Job 38:4-7, it is made certain that angels were in existence when the earth was created. Because God created angels,Show MoreRelatedA Very Old Man With Enormous Wings : A Tale For Children1534 Words   |  7 Pagesstatus. He also unwillingly challenged Father Gonzaga as he was deciphering whether the old man was an angel or not and if his superiors in Rome would approve of it. Throughout the story, we see how the townspeople and the central characters interact with the old man with wings, and as a result, their attitude towards him reveals the essence of human nature that we can be blinded by appearances and swayed by our own prejudices about something. First of all, in order to understand the townspeople’sRead MoreEssay on A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings1458 Words   |  6 Pagesintervention at work. Almighty God, however, does not prefer these standard methods. Instead, he prefers to act in ways we humans can only begin to understand. This is very much true for the short story â€Å"A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings† by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Within the story, a winged man falls from the sky with no meaning or purpose. The man is shrouded in mystery. Nameless and unable to communicate with the native villagers, he lives among them. His intentions are never truly known to either the readerRead MoreAnalysis Of Elizabeth Barrette Brownings Sonnets From The Portuguese1021 Words   |  5 Pages(96). The earth, in the speaker’s mind, seeks not to destroy love but to, instead, harbor it. The world is often pictured as a place of evil and malice, but here, the speaker depicts the angels as a force that â€Å" would press on us and aspire to drop some golden orb of perfect song into our deep, dear silence† (97). Angels would ultimately interrupt the intimacy of the speaker’s relationship and, therefore, the speaker views the world and her time on earth as precious. In this time given, she seeks to embraceRead MoreComparison Of Animal Farm And Moby Dick1082 Words   |  5 Pagesblend of human and animal characters who serve a disorientating purpose. Eugene O’Neill obliterates the boundary between humans and animals in Scene One of The Hairy Ape by presenting a set with a low-ceiling, arranging the firemen’s bunks like â€Å"the framework of a cage† (1.1), and allowing Paddy to refer to the firemen as apes in a zoo. A low ceiling prevents the actors from walking upright, thus giving them an animal-like appearance. Paddy’s comparison and the sleeping arrangements effectively obscureRead MoreThe Ten Avenues Of Revelation1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe ten avenues of Revelation are: â€Å"The Lot, The Urim and Thummim, Dreams, Visions, Theophanies, Angels, Prophets, Events, Jesus Christ and The Bible.†1 The Lot is used as a form of communication from God to man. Lots were stones which were used that were casted to make decisions and one sees this where God makes the final outcome of these lots which are casted. The Urim and Thummim were gemstones that were carried on the high priest s breastplate a nd used as lots to make decisions on situationsRead MoreMrs. Wickham : A Moral Outward Appearance1635 Words   |  7 Pagesmanner-based stereotypes is with her character Mr. Wickham. Despite his black heart and poor morality, Mr. Wickham has a way with words and is able to smooth talk his way in and out of every situation. His good looks and manners establish a moral outward appearance in the society. Elizabeth admits in her personal monologue while in denial of Mr. Darcy’s revelations in his letter that, â€Å"His countenance, voice, and manner had established him at once in the possession of every virtue. She had tried to recollectRead MoreThe Gospel Of Matthew Presents The Messiah1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe Gospel of Matthew presents the Messiah, the promised savior, the king of the Jews. The Gospel of Matthew is clear in its purpose, and is unique in its role in the scriptures. Matthew shows ages of prophecy to be fulfilled in Christ. He shows the fulfillment of the law in Christ, and Gods redemptive sacrifice fulfilled in Christ. Matthew goes on to show Israel’s rejection of their king, and more, a new people gathered to Christ (biblesanity.org). The birth of the Messiah came about when MaryRead MoreSerendipity : The Theme Of Love In The Little Prince1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe song is sang by Park Jimin and composed by Kim Namjoon, whom are both members from a South Korean boy band called BTS. Serendipity is an occurrence and development of events that happens by luck that can be for a happy or beneficial way. The purpose of the song is to empathise the importance of loving and accepting yourself for who you are, rather than self hatred. Throughout the song, language techniques such as metaphors,personification, hyperbole, repetition and idioms were used to withinRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1554 Words   |  7 PagesMadison Franklin English 203 Echols 20 October 2014 Revenge on Mankind In Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein, the being created by Victor Frankenstein has been cast out due to his horrid appearance and the gruesome way in which he came to be. The monster finds refuge in a hovel next to a small family living in Germany. One day he notices a leather satchel in the yard, he quickly gathers the satchel and its contents and returns to his hovel. The bag contained strictly books, one of them being John Milton’sRead More Pope Admiring Belinda in The Rape of the Lock Essay1095 Words   |  5 Pagesmore unbiased view. The appearance of Belinda and the world in which she lives is described in a very fantastical and beautiful way. Even small details such as the arrangement of Belindas hair are due to wondrous entities known as the Sylphs, whose sole task is to make sure she is looking her best. This consideration of appearance in The Rape of the Lock is very important as the society that Belinda lives within is very judgmental on the basis of appearance, especially for women. Her

Chaos theory Free Essays

What exactly is the chaos theory? Some believe the chaos theory is one of the many theories that will be recognized in the centuries to come. The chaos theory embodies many conditions of science, such as physics, engineering, economics, philosophy, mathematics, music, and even psychology. The chaos theory is only beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on Chaos theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The chaos theory is a theory used in different categories of science that a seemingly possible phenomena has an underlying meaning. When was chaos first discovered? Edward Lorenz was the first true experimenter in chaos, he was a meteorologist. In 1960 Edward Lorenz was working on a weather prediction problem, he ad a computer set up to model the weather with twelve equations. His computer program did not predict the weather, but theoretically predicted what the weather might be. In 1961 Edward Lorenz wanted to see a specific sequence again, to save time he began in the middle of the sequence. He entered his printout number and let it run. An hour later the sequence had changed differently. The pattern had diverged, ending up being extremely different. His computer had saved the numbers to a six decimal place, he printed it out for three decimal places to save paper. The original sequence was 0. 506127 he had it as 0. 506. Lorenz’s experiment: he ditterence between the sta rting values ot these curves is only . 000127. (Ian Stewart, Does God Play Dice? The Mathematics of Chaos, pg. 141) This is how the butterfly effect became, because of the number of differences of the two curves starting points was that of a butterfly’s wings flapping. Unpredictability is one of the most important element is a complicated system. Lorenz calls this unpredictability â€Å"sensitivity to initial conditions,† which is also known to be the butterfly effect. This idea means with a non-linear, complex systems, starting conditions will effect in extremely dissimilar outputs. The effect of the utterfly’s movements, to predict the weather. An example is if a butterfly flaps it’s wings in Tokyo, it could predict a storm in Texas in several weeks time. The dependance on initial conditions is extreme. There is a rule for complicated systems that one cannot create a model that will predict outcomes accurately. The idea initial conditions on sensitive dependance mathematical roots are powerful. If you have a circle with the points XO and Xl , this represents the starting value for a variable. â€Å"We assume that the difference between there two numbers is represented by the distance between the points on the circle, given by the ariable d. To demonstrate the importance of infinite accuracy of initial conditions, we iterate T. Atter only one iteration, d, or the distance between T ), has doubled Iterating again, we find that the distance between the two points, already twice its initial size, doubles again. In this pattern, we find that the distance between the two points, Tn(XO) and Tn(X1), is 2nd. Clearly, d is expanding quite rapidly, leading the model further and further astray. After only ten iterations, the distance between the two points has grown to a whopping 210d = 1024d. † This example determines that to close conditions begin, after only a few minor ifferences, and iterations. The exact point on the circle can only be describes with an infinite amount of decimal places, the other remaining decimal places are discarded. There will always be a decimal error even if you enter the initial numbers into the computer with precision. Chaos is deterministic, sensitive to initial conditions, and orderly. Chaotic systems do have a sense of order, non chaotic systems are random. In a chaotic system even a minor in the starting point can lead to different outcomes. Equations for this system appear to show an increase to completely random behaviour. When raphed the system, something surprising happened, the output stayed on a double spiral curve. Lorenz’s equations were certainly ordered, because they all had followed a spiral. The points never ended on a single point , but they weren’t periodic either, they never repeated the same thing. He called his graphed equation the Lorenz attractor. In 1963 he published a paper describing his discovery and the unpredictability of the weather. This paper also included key information about the types of equations and what caused this behaviour. Since he was not a mathematician or a physicist he wasn’t cknowledged for his discoveries until year later, when there had already been rediscovered by others. Lorenz had to wait for someone to discover him, his discovery was revolutionary. Another example of sensitive dependance of initial conditions is flipping a coin. There are two variables. One is how fast it is flipping, and the other is how fast it will hit the ground? Apparently, it should be likely to control how might the coin end up. In practice, it is impossible to control exactly how fast the coin flips and how high. There are similar problems like this in ecology. This occurs with the prediction of biological population. If the population rises continually, but with predators and limited food supply the equation is incorrect. next year’s population = r * this year’s population * (1 – this year’s population) Benoit Mandelbrot was a mathematician working at 18M, he was studying self- similarity. One ot the areas ne studying was cotton prize tluctuation. He tried many times to analyze the data of the price for cotton, but the data did not go with the normal distribution. He decided to collect data from. Mandelbrot eventually gave up, until he decided to gather all the information dating back to 1900. He IBM’s computer and found a surprising fact: The numbers that produced aberrations from the point of view of normal distribution produced symmetry from the point of view of scaling. Each particular price change was random and changes unpredictable. But the sequence of changes was independent on scale: curves for daily price changes and monthly price changes matched perfectly. Incredibly, analyzed Mandelbrot’s way, the degree of variation had remained constant over a tumultuous sixty-year period that saw the two World Wars and a depression. † dames Gleick, Chaos – Making a New Science, pg. 86) Another example of the chaos theory is the human heart. The heart has a chaotic pattern. The time between the beats is not constant. It depends on how much actions a person is doing and there also among other things. How to cite Chaos theory, Papers

Nursing Profession Management

Question: What is the impact to the nursing profession and to the public related to the projected nursing shortage? Discuss at least one way that the nursing profession is working toward a resolution of this problem. Answer: It can be said that nursing has been an important pillar of healthcare delivery and services. The private and public hospitals would not be able to manage their operations without the support of nurses. The shortage of nurses is an important issue not only for hospitals and medical institutions but also for different stakeholders such as patients, families and society. These stakeholders have realized that the shortage of nursing can have a serious impact on healthcare services and delivery (Robertson, 2011). There could be both internal and external reasons of this shortage. The internal reason would include motivation of employees, working conditions given to nurses etc. The external factors would include industry factors, economic factors, political factors etc. It is important that stakeholders and policy makers should manage both internal and external factor to ensure that nurses remain motivated to work. Hospitals, medical organizations and other stakeholders have taken different steps to manage the issue of shortage of nurses. One of an important step is to improve the working conditions (Degnan, 2011). It is believed that nurses have to work and operate under lot of mental pressure. The working conditions could actually help nurses to reduce the mental pressure. It is important that nurses should be given freedom and independence to work. Often, nurses have to work in night shifts. It would be good if they were allowed to choose their own working shift. References Pande, A. H., Ross-Degnan, D., Zaslavsky, A. M., Salomon, J. A. (2011). Effects of healthcare reforms on coverage, access, and disparities: quasi-experimental analysis of evidence from Massachusetts.American journal of preventive medicine,41(1), 1-8. Schoen, C., Doty, M. M., Robertson, R. H., Collins, S. R. (2011). Affordable Care Act reforms could reduce the number of underinsured US adults by 70 percent.Health Affairs,30(9), 1762-1771.

Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopins

Proposal This paper will be aimed at discussing such literary works as the play Trifles written Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin’s short story The Story of an Hour. In particular, it is necessary to examine the views on marriage expressed by these authors. Much attention should be paid to the similarities and differences in the themes that these writers focus on.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, this topic has been chosen because it plays an important role for these feminist writers who want to highlight the problems that could be faced by women living in patriarchic societies. So, this question is helpful for studying various works of Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin. Furthermore, this topic is important for understanding the problems that feminist movement tried to address at the begin ning of the twentieth century. This is why I have decided to focus on this particular topic in this essay. My major argument will be based primarily on the analysis of the main characters’ behavior, especially their reactions to different challenges. In particular, I will focus on the way in which these women perceive their marriage. On the whole, I will argue that Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin demonstrate that marriage can turn some form of oppression because it deprives them of their independence or dignity. This is the main similarity that can be identified. However, Minnie decides to use force in order to end the humiliation to which she is subjected to. In contrast, Mrs. Mallard does not want to acknowledge that her marriage is unhappy. Moreover, she is extremely ashamed of her willingness to leave her husband. In other words, these characters do not have the same attitudes toward the social norms and expectations that are set for women. This is the thesis that I will d iscuss in greater detail. Essay The attitudes toward family and gender roles have been described in various literary works that could have been created during different periods. These questions are explored by such authors Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such works as Trifles and The Story of an Hour can be regarded as eloquent examples of feminist literature since they can throw light on the peculiarities of a patriarchal society in which women are not allowed to be autonomous and self-sufficient. This is one of the main themes that can be singled out. Overall, one can say that these writers describe the experiences of women who are strongly dissatisfied with their marriage because they crave for personal dignity and independence that are denied to them. These are the things that Mrs. Mallard and Minnie lack. However, these character s respond to these hardships in different ways. In particular, Minnie kills her husband because; to a great extent, it is her response to his continuous abuse. In contrast, Mrs. Mallard is not ready to acknowledge that she is glad to live without her husband. She does not want to say that marriage can turn into a disaster for a person. Therefore, the characters described by Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin respond to social injustice in different ways. These are the main questions that should be examined closely. On the whole, this discussion can show that marriage is described as the union in which the rights of both partners are not always equal. First of all, Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin throw light on the life of families in which women are forced to play certain gender roles that are imposed on them. In particular, these women are deprived of their freedom and dignity. This point can be illustrated with the help of several examples. For instance, one can look at the way in whic h Mrs. Mallard responds to the news about her husband’s death. Kate Chopin describes her reaction in the following way, ‘When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips. She said it over and over under the breath: â€Å"free, free, free!’ (Chopin 53). This quote is important for showing that Mrs. Mallard does not view her marriage as something valuable (Chopin 53). This is one of the aspects that can be singled out. It is possible to say that marriage is not satisfying for the main character of Susan Glaspell’s play. The author does not directly describe her experiences. However, the writer provides several eloquent details.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin’s specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, the visitors can find the body of the dead canary that was killed by Minnie’s husband (Glaspell 44). However, male investigators of the murder dismiss this evidence by arguing that â€Å"women are used to worrying about trifles† (Glaspell 38). This quote is important for showing that Minnie’s inner world is completely overlooked by men. To a great extent, the husband’s cruelty is one of the factors that prompted her to kill him. Yet, this idea does not even occur to the police officers. Overall, family life is practically unbearable for each of these characters. This is one of the details that can be singled out. Susan Glaspell and Kate Chopin show that marriage produced a devastating effect on the inner world of these characters. Much attention should be paid to such a theme as lack of personal fulfillment which is critical for every individual. Both characters suffer because their personal needs are continuously disregarded. However, there are important distinctions that should be considered. First of all, Mrs. Mallar d is unable to acknowledge that she wants to â€Å"live for herself† (Chopin 53). In her opinion, such a desire is â€Å"monstrous† (Chopin 53). The protagonist does not admit that she does not want to grieve for her husband’s death (Chopin 53). She believes that her inability to feel the sense of loss will be condemned by other people. This character suffers a heart attack when she finds out her husband has not died. This is one of the aspects that can be distinguished. In contrast, Minnie is able to live without her husband. She is ready to defy the social traditions according to which women are obliged to accept the rules set by males. One can say that Mrs. Mallard is afraid of stating that she wants to end her marriage. This is one of the distinctions that can be identified since it is important for describing the differences between these literary works. It should be borne in mind that these texts were written during different periods, and they can show how women’s values evolved. They became more willing to challenge the authority of males. Thus, Minnie deviates from the established social tradition. Certainly, it is difficult to find an ethical justification for murder or any other forms of violence. However, this behavior is a response to suffering and injustice. This is one of the points that can be made.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Certainly, it is possible to raise some objections to the arguments that have been placed in the paper. For instance, one can mention that both authors do not speak about the relations between the main characters and their spouses. These issues are not explicitly described by the writers. In particular, the readers do not know much about the behavior of Brently Mallard whose personality is not examined by Kate Chopin. Additionally, this author does not speak about the way in which he treats his wife. This is one of the flaws that should be considered. Furthermore, Susan Glaspell does not pay much attention to the relations between Minnie and her husband John Wright. Moreover, the author does not explicitly tell that the main character killed her spouse. This is only the assumption that cannot be fully verified. These are some of the limitations that should be considered. Yet, one can respond to these objections. For instance, it is necessary to keep in mind that as a reporter Susan Glaspell often wrote about women who were accused of murders (Ben-Zwi 141). Moreover, in many cases, these women were victims of abuse or humiliation (Ben-Zwi 142). This story is partly based on the life of Margaret Hossack who murdered her husband because of his abuse. Therefore, one can argue that Minnie could be humiliated or abused by her husband. Moreover, it is important to remember that Kate Chopin’s short story is also based on the real-life events (Toth 10). In particular, she wrote about women who were compelled to marry (Toth 10). Apart from that, she had to end the short story with the death of the main character, otherwise this literary work might not have been published (Toth 10; Berkove 152). These examples indicate that at the end of the nineteenth century, women were not supposed to be independent from males. Therefore, it is quite possible to identify the connections between the feminist movement and the literary works of Kate Chopin and Susan Glaspell who w ant to throw light on the difficulties faced by women. On the whole, this discussion suggests that these short stories present a critique of marriage. In both cases, the writers show that women could be dissatisfied with this form of union. Minnie and Mrs. Mallard are not willing to reject their freedom and sense of dignity. However, they are forced to do it. To a great extent, this situation can be described by the social norms that existed during the nineteenth century. So, this is the main internal conflict that they struggle to resolve. Yet, they react to these hardships in different ways. In particular, Minnie kills her husband because in this way she attempts to retain her dignity. In contrast, Mrs. Mallard cannot openly state that she cannot live with her spouse. This is why this character is speechless when she sees her husband. Overall, the main theme is the lack of personal fulfillment and autonomy that these women lack. However, Susan Glaspell focuses on the idea of prote st against the existing social hierarchy while Kate Chopin focuses on the social norms that are aimed at subduing women. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. Works Cited Ben-Zwi, Linda. â€Å"Murder, She Wrote†: The Genesis of Susan Glaspell’s Trifles.†Ã‚  Theatre Journal 44.2 (1992): 141-162. Print. Berkove, Lawrence. â€Å"Fatal Self-Assertion in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour.†Ã‚  American Literary Literalism 32.2 (2000): 152-158. Print. Chopin, Kate. A Pair of Silk Stockings. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2012. Print. Glaspell, Susan. Plays by Susan Glaspell. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Print. Toth, Emily. Unveiling Kate Chopin. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi,1999. Print. This research paper on Trifles by Susan Glaspell and The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin’s was written and submitted by user Tatum Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What I Learned From My Own Advice When My Kids Went Off To College

What I Learned From My Own Advice When My Kids Went Off To College SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips I’m a dad. I give advice. It’s what I do. You can’t fight nature. When it’s time to go, you go. When it’s time to advice, you advice. So, it’s natural, really the divine order of things, that when my kids went off to college, I gave them advice. I was just doing my job. I told them just two things. 1. Don’t sweat the major. Yes, if you want to build bridges, it’s best that you major in Structural Engineering. For all of us. Most of the time, it’s just not that critical. Jobs change. Workplace needs evolve. New jobs are created. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, most people go through 7 major career changes. Not different jobs - different careers. A teacher becomes an insurance salesman. A VP of marketing transitions to a non profit controller. Whitman was right. We contain multitudes. Study this: something you love. Learn about something that interests you. If you don’t know what you love, study until you do. Then, explore some more. Unless you’re a Kardashian, you don’t pick a spouse based on net worth. You don’t pick a major based on ROI. It’s short sighted. Does a major inspire you? Are you curious? Do you want to learn? If the answer is yes, that’s a good start. Graduating from college is not the end of education. You’re just getting warmed up. 2. Go out for the school play. Do something that makes you uncomfortable. Act. Sing. Debate. Play Rugby. Comfort is the enemy. Just do something new. Learn the fundamentals. Struggle. Adjust. Practice your craft. Help others. Repeat. It’s what you will do for the rest of your life. Start now. I can’t say this enough. Put yourself out there. Surprisingly, my kids took my advice. Who knew they were listening? My daughter is a dance and english major. She taps. She writes comedy. She is a Funk Dj for the college radio station. Tap shows are not selling out stadiums. They don’t sell out the Moose Lodge. There was only one Nora Ephron. Tina Fey is a limited job market. So is Mindy Kaling. I'm guessingthe Funk DJ job market is limited. I don’t care. You go girl. Play that funky music white girl. Play that music funky music right. Play that music till you die. My son wants to open a restaurant. He’s a Marketing major. He cooks. Most restaurants fail in the first year. You go boy. Cook that funky food right. Do what you love till you die. After I dumped the last Ikea instructions, after both kids were gone, it hit me. I wasn’t listening to my own advice. I wasn’t living you go dad. I wasn’t playing that funky music. The record player wasn’t even plugged in. It was buried in the garage, next to the guitar. I wasn’t growing. If anything, I was shrinking. Do something to pay the bills. Get by. I was a routine. It was time to learn from my kids. It was time to listen to my own advice. I was asked to be in my daughter’s ballet recital. â€Å"Dad, can you be Dr. Coppelia. It will be so much fun.† â€Å"What’s Coppelia? I’m in.† I did say no to the tights and the tutu. Step 1 on the road of putting myself out there. I became a high school basketball referee. Then volleyball. Football. Lacrosse. Except for the tights and tutu, I kept saying yes. Grow. Stretch. Be uncomfortable. This is the thing. Our kids grow up. Going off to college is an adventure. It’s time for them to put themselves out there. Try something new. Get uncomfortable. Stretch. Grow. As parents of these students, it’s our time too. We just need a reminder. It’s time to put ourselves out there. Try something new. Do something that makes you uncomfortable. Grow. Stretch. You go dad. You go mom. Play that funky music. Play it loud. After all, we’re just getting warmed up.